However, amino acid sequences of peptides with sleep-promoting activity have not yet been accurately identified and relevant pivotal sleep-promoting mechanisms are still unknown. These studies have demonstrated the promising ability of protein peptides to improve sleep. Mauremys mutica plastron enzymatic peptide ameliorated the disruption of the neurotransmitter system and promotes sleep in PCPA-induced insomnia mice. The tryptic digest of αS1 casein promoted sleep by reducing the number of sleep-wake cycles and increasing the protein expression of the β1 subtype of the GABAA receptor in the rat hypothalamus, and soy protein peptides promoted sleep by increasing melatonin and 5-HT levels in mice. Many peptides derived from plants and animals have been shown to have sleep-promoting activity, such as walnut hydrolysate showing sleep-promoting effects in rats and improved memory deficits caused by sleep deprivation. Among them, the effects of peptides on higher brain functions are of increasing interest. Many studies have shown that peptides have specific biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor and neuroprotective. However, due to the highly addictive nature of drugs and various side effects, a growing tendency to improve sleep is using natural and healthy active substances from nature, amongst which bioactive peptides derived from natural species have become one of the best choices.īioactive peptides have an important role in improving human health, and the potential physiological functions of bioactive peptides derived from proteins in traditional diets and medicinal herbs have attracted widespread scientific interest and attention. Currently, the treatment of sleep disorders is mainly based on prescription medications such as benzothiazole receptor agonists and melatonin receptor agonists, supplemented by counseling therapy and physical therapy. Many diseases occur with varying degrees of sleep disturbance, such as cardiovascular disease, heart disease and Parkinson’s disease. Sleep deprivation can lead to a decrease in immunity, a lack of blood supply to the brain, memory loss and in severe cases, it can lead to sleep disorders. However, sleep quality is susceptible to various internal and external factors such as stress in life, negative emotions and changes in biological rhythms.
Sleep is essential for maintaining the balance of the internal body environment and regulating mood. When people are in a state of sleep, their brain and body get rest, recuperation and recovery, and the right amount of sleep is a prerequisite for healthy daily life. This study isolated sleep-promoting peptides from PBPs, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of subsequent sleep-promoting products based on protein peptides. The above results indicate that TG7 improves circadian rhythms and attenuated abnormal alterations in visual function and motility induced by light, allowing for effective sleep promotion. Furthermore, TG7 upregulates the genes gnb3b, arr3b and opn1mw1 to regulate the visual function. The peptide downregulates per1b gene but upregulates cry1b, cry1ba and per2, improving the circadian rhythm. TG7 restores abnormal behavior of insomnia zebrafish to normal levels by upregulating the hnrnpa3 gene. TG7 shows comparable effects and a similar action pathway to melatonin in improving sleep.
Specifically, a sequential targeting isolation approach was developed to refine and identify a peptide with remarkable sleep-promoting activity, namely TG7 (Tyr-Gly-Asn-Pro-Trp-Glu-Lys). Herein, we isolated novel peptides with sleep-promoting ability from Pneumatophorus japonicus bone peptides (PBPs) and constructed an insomniac zebrafish model as a demonstration, incorporating behavioral and transcriptomic approaches to reveal the sleep-promoting effect and mechanism of PBPs. Due to the high addiction and side effects of medicines, people have increasingly inclined to natural and healthy peptides to improve sleep.
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